![]() The underlying mechanisms linking metabolic disease, circadian clock misalignment, and sleep restriction are the subject of current research, elucidation of which will require a global “systems” approach ( 9). There is a clear link between the circadian timing system and metabolism ( 2 – 4), with disrupted circadian rhythms, sleep restriction, and sleep deprivation associated with metabolic disorders (obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes) and cardiovascular disease ( 5 – 8). This report, to our knowledge the first of metabolic profiling during sleep and sleep deprivation and characterization of 24 h rhythms under these conditions, offers a novel view of human sleep/wake regulation.Ĭircadian clocks control the timing of most daily biological processes, including cyclic changes in metabolism and the sleep/wake cycle ( 1). The increased levels of serotonin, tryptophan, and taurine may explain the antidepressive effect of acute sleep deprivation and deserve further study. During sleep deprivation, 27 metabolites (tryptophan, serotonin, taurine, 8 acylcarnitines, 13 glycerophospholipids, and 3 sphingolipids) exhibited significantly increased levels compared with during sleep. Of 171 metabolites quantified, daily rhythms were observed in the majority ( n = 109), with 78 of these maintaining their rhythmicity during 24 h of wakefulness, most with reduced amplitude ( n = 66). Principal component analysis revealed a clear time of day variation with a significant cosine fit during the wake/sleep cycle and during 24 h of wakefulness in untargeted and targeted analysis. Two-hourly plasma samples collected over the 48 h period were analyzed by LC/MS. Twelve healthy young male subjects remained in controlled laboratory conditions with respect to environmental light, sleep, meals, and posture during a 24-h wake/sleep cycle, followed by 24 h of wakefulness. Here we have used untargeted and targeted liquid chromatography (LC)/MS metabolomics to examine the effect of acute sleep deprivation on plasma metabolite rhythms. The metabolic pathways involved in human sleep, however, have yet to be investigated with the use of a metabolomics approach. ![]() ![]() ![]() Sleep restriction and circadian clock disruption are associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. ![]()
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